“`html

Object relations psychotherapy

A cikin duniyar nazarin hankali da kuma neman waraka, akwai hanyoyi da dama da ke taimaka mana mu fahimci kanmu da kuma yadda muke mu’amala da duniya. Daya daga cikin irin wadannan hanyoyi da ke da zurfin gaske shine Object relations psychotherapy. Wannan hanyar ba ta kallon mutum a matsayin wani mutum kadai ba, sai dai a matsayin wani da aka tsara ta hanyar dangantakarsa ta farko da wasu, musamman iyayensa ko masu renonsa. Tana ba da damar gano tushen matsalolinmu na zamantakewa da na motsin rai, wanda galibi yana da alaka da yadda muka kafa tunaninmu game da wasu mutane (abubuwa) a cikinmu tun muna yara. Ta hanyar wannan zurfin bincike, Object relations psychotherapy tana buɗe ƙofofin zuwa cikakken fahimtar kai da kuma damar canza salon rayuwarmu, ta yadda za mu iya gina dangantaka mai inganci da kuma rayuwa cikin lumana. Idan kana neman zurfin fahimtar kanka da kuma yadda ka fi so ka yi rayuwa, za ka iya samun wannan hanyar tana da amfani sosai, kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin Psychotherapy: Complete Guide.

Tarihi da Asalin Object relations psychotherapy

Asalin Object relations psychotherapy za a iya gano shi ne a cikin ci gaban Psychoanalysis, musamman a tsakanin masu nazarin tunani na Burtaniya a tsakiyar karni na 20. Masu ilimin hanyar kwantar da hankali kamar Melanie Klein, Donald Winnicott, W.R.D. Fairbairn, da Harry Guntrip sun kawo gyare-gyare masu mahimmanci ga ra’ayoyin Sigmund Freud. A maimakon mayar da hankali kan sha’awa da kuma tsarin tunani na mutum, sun jaddada muhimmancin dangantakar da ke tsakanin jariri da masu renonsa. Sun yi imani da cewa yadda jariri ke mu’amala da \”abubuwa\” (wato, mutane masu mahimmanci a rayuwarsa, kamar uwa ko uba) a farkon rayuwarsa, yana tsara yadda zai yi hulɗa da duniya a nan gaba. Fairbairn, alal misali, ya yi jayayya cewa ba sha’awa ce ke motsa mu ba, sai dai sha’awar kafa dangantaka. Klein ta gabatar da ra’ayin \”tsarin rabawa\” (splitting) inda jariri ke ganin mutane a matsayin cikakken kyawawa ko cikakken mugunta, sannan kuma ta yi magana kan \”tsarin haɗewa\” (integration) inda ake gane mutane a matsayin masu cikakkiyar siffa. Winnicott ya ci gaba da wannan ta hanyar gabatar da ra’ayin \”wurin wasa\” (transitional space) da kuma \”kyakkyawar mahaifiya ta isasshe\” (good enough mother), wanda ke nuna cewa ba a buƙatar cikakkiyar kulawa don ci gaban lafiyayye. Wadannan ra’ayoyin sun samar da tushen Psychodynamic psychotherapy, kuma daga baya sun tasiri wasu hanyoyi kamar Analytical psychology (Jungian) da Self psychology. Har ila yau, ra’ayoyin sun sami tasiri a kan ci gaban hanyoyin da suka fi mayar da hankali kan dangantaka kamar Transference focused psychotherapy, duk da cewa akwai bambance-bambance a cikin yadda ake amfani da su.

Hanyoyi da Dabaru

A cikin Object relations psychotherapy, babban makasudin shine fahimtar yadda mutum ke kafa \”abubuwa\” na ciki daga dangantakarsa ta farko da wasu. Wadannan \”abubuwa\” ba su ne mutane na gaske ba, sai dai hotunansu na ciki da kuma yadda muke ji da kuma tunani game da su. Mai ilimin hanyar kwantar da hankali zai yi aiki tare da mai haƙuri don gano waɗannan abubuwan ciki da kuma yadda suke tsara halayenmu da kuma ji. Rabin-rabi na zaman zai iya fara ne da mai haƙuri da ke magana game da matsalolinsa, tunaninsa, da kuma ji. Mai ilimin hanyar kwantar da hankali zai yi nazarin wadannan maganganun, yana mai da hankali kan yadda mai haƙuri ke magana game da kansa da kuma wasu. Yana iya amfani da hanyoyi kamar: nazarin motsin rai (affective interpretation), inda ake binciken ji da ake bayyanawa; nazarin tunani (thought interpretation), inda ake binciken yadda mai haƙuri ke tunani game da kansa da kuma wasu; da kuma nazarin dangantaka (relational interpretation), inda ake binciken yadda mai haƙuri ke kafa dangantaka a yanzu. Mai ilimin hanyar kwantar da hankali zai kuma yi nazarin dangantakar da ke tsakaninsa da mai haƙuri (transference and countertransference), wanda ke ba da dama don fahimtar yadda mai haƙuri ke mu’amala da wasu a waje da wurin magani. Hanyoyin kamar Psychodynamic psychotherapy da Interpersonal psychoanalysis suna da kamanni sosai, amma Object relations psychotherapy tana jaddada musamman yadda tsarin dangantakar farko ke tasiri ga tunaninmu game da kanmu da kuma wasu.

Wanene Ke Neman Object relations psychotherapy

Mutanen da ke fama da matsalolin dangantaka, irin su wahalar kafa da kuma riƙe alaƙa mai ma’ana, jin kaɗaici, ko kuma yawan rikici a cikin zamantakewar su, galibi suna samun taimako ta hanyar Object relations psychotherapy. Hakanan yana da amfani ga waɗanda ke da jin ƙimar kansu, ko kuma waɗanda ke fuskantar matsaloli tare da sarrafa motsin rai, irin su fushi ko damuwa. Wadanda suka fuskanci rauni a farkon rayuwarsu, kamar rashin kulawa ko watsi, za su iya amfana sosai saboda hanyar tana taimaka musu su fahimci yadda waɗannan abubuwan suka tsara tunaninsu game da kansu da kuma duniya. Duk da haka, akwai lokuta da ba a bada shawarar wannan hanyar ba, kamar ga mutanen da ke da tsananin rashin lafiyar hankali wanda zai iya hana su yin nazarin zurfin tunani, ko kuma waɗanda ke neman mafita ta gaggawa ga matsalolinsu. Ga wadanda ke da irin wadannan matsalolin, za a iya bincika wasu hanyoyin kamar Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy ko kuma Adlerian therapy.

Yadda Ake Zama Mai Yi na Object relations psychotherapy

Don zama kwararren mai yi na Object relations psychotherapy, yana buƙatar horo na musamman da kuma ilimi mai zurfi. Yawanci, ana fara ne da digiri a fannin ilimin halayyar dan adam, ilimin zamantakewar al’umma, ko wani fanni mai alaƙa. Bayan haka, sai a ci gaba da karatun digiri na biyu ko kuma digiri na uku a fannin ilimin hanyar kwantar da hankali, inda ake samun horo na musamman kan hanyoyin da suka shafi Object relations. Wannan horon na iya haɗawa da ilimin ka’idoji, zamanin gwaji, da kuma ziyarar da aka tsara don fahimtar zurfin tunani. Bugu da ƙari, ana buƙatar masu ilimin hanyar kwantar da hankali su sami horo na kansu (personal therapy) don su iya fahimtar duniyarsu ta ciki da kuma yadda hakan zai iya tasiri ga aikinsu. Samun lasisi daga hukumar da ta dace da kuma ci gaba da karatun (continuing education) suma muhimmai ne. Lokacin da kake neman mai yi, yana da kyau ka tambayi game da horonsu na musamman a Object relations psychotherapy da kuma yadda suke amfani da wannan hanyar. Ziyarar shafukan yanar gizo na ƙungiyoyin masu ilimin hanyar kwantar da hankali ko kuma neman shawarar kwararru na iya taimakawa.

Tambayoyi Akai-akai: Tambayoyi da Ake Yawan Tambaya

Menene Object relations psychotherapy?

Wata hanyar magani ce ta hankali da ke mayar da hankali kan yadda dangantakarmu ta farko, musamman da iyaye, ke tsara yadda muke ji, tunani, da kuma mu’amalata da wasu a rayuwarmu.

Ta yaya Object relations psychotherapy ke aiki?

Tana nazarin yadda muke kafa \”abubuwa\” na ciki na wasu mutane, kuma ta hanyar fahimtar wadannan, ana taimaka wa mutum ya canza salon mu’amalarsa da duniya.

Wanene ke amfana da Object relations psychotherapy?

Mutanen da ke da matsalolin dangantaka, jin kaɗaici, rashin gamsuwa, ko kuma waɗanda ke da wahalar kafa alaƙa mai ma’ana za su iya amfana sosai.

“`